Distribution patterns, also referred to as species distribution, describe how a species is spread out in the area they occupy. This spatial distribution of organisms is what is studied by biogeographers. There are three main variations of distribution: uniform, random, and clumped. See the image to the left (or below) for a visual representation of these patterns in order of the above list.
Uniformly dispersed species are evenly distributed meaning that there is a relatively constant distance the exists between all individuals. This type of distribution often occurs due either to competition for a resource or a territorial nature of the individuals. Examples include iguanas and penguins.
Randomly dispersed species are the rarest of these three patterns. They occur when a species lacks a need for social interactions between individuals or when there is low competition for resources. Examples include dandelions (whose seeds are scattered by wind) and trees in rain forests (who have plenty of access to necessary resources such as water).
Clumped distribution is very common. They occur in areas with patchy resources and are often classified by individuals “clumping” together (forming a pack/family/herd) in order to help each other in gathering said resources. Clumped distribution can also occur due the need of the young offspring for protection and guidance. Examples include elephants, fish that travel in schools, and wolves.